Scope of Social Networking Largely - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Scope of Social Networking Largely. Answer: Introduction: Social networking has become one of the major topics for discussion among researchers which provides business firms with a platform to get connected digitally with its customers, subsidiary units, suppliers, dealers, and business colleagues. It allows sharing of information, activities, photos, and scope for group discussions. It has become an important tool for managers and employees of business organisation whether small or big to establish and run the business with ease (Elison, 2007). Though there are many who do not consider it as an efficient way and are more inclined to its disadvantages as it may sometimes result in an unexpected failure(Popova, n.d.). Others consider it as a useful and cost effective way which enables to carry on business in diverse areas without the need of going there physically. There are many social sites used by managers like Twitter, Face- book, Google+, LinkedIn, etc. These sites provide assistance to billions of business owners which is why social ne tworking is gaining popularity and has become an inevitable part in business. Before making social networking as an integrated function in business for advertising or communicating, its consequences must also be considered or else may become the reason for fallback. In this research paper, the pros and cons of social networking will be reviewed on the basis of discussions made by authors and researchers who have observed its implications, culture, customs and importance which can provide assistance for employers to make decision regarding implementing social networking in their business(Claywell, n.d.). The scope of social networking (SNS) identified in literature depends largely on factors like the kind of people involved and the amount of involvement required connecting socially with targeted people to fulfil the ultimate goal. In bigger companies where brand recognition plays an important part like food and beverage industry, electronic appliances, mobile phones, Construction Company, etc. social networking proves very effective and fast way in which customers are made aware about the products and services (ATT Intellectual Property, 2008). On other hand it can also be said as an effective and time saving means of advertisement. Introduction and testing of new products seems easier with customer feedback and response which ultimately saves time and reduces costs of campaigning. In big organisations, social networking enables the employees and management to connect and exchange information digitally which also is saved for further references. Earlier people used to communicate wit h the help of letters and faxes which required physical storage and were accessible in place where they were kept or sent. Social networking plays an important role here as the requirement of physical storage is relieved and can be accessed simultaneously by many people as required in businesses like share trading, group discussions, online training, blog sharing, etc(Philippa Collin, 2011). The reasons to adopt social networking in business is not limited to marketing or sharing information, but also connecting with the customers in a positive way who provides influence to the business. Advertising by mediums of televisions or magazines and Emailing has become a traditional way of marketing as it does not connect directly with person associated. In business where developing relationship with customer is essential, social networking provides evidence of smooth functioning like in online shopping; IT enabled services, website designing firms, customer service agencies, etc(Fernando, 2012). It also allows interacting people within the firm or with outsiders and thus enables prompt answering during conversation(Bank, 2014). Where visual interactions are required and considered beneficial, like project discussions with visual presentation to clients in distant areas, or selecting brand campaigning ideas with graphic demonstrations among employees, social networking again bec omes essential. Advantages of SNS are various and can be taken as an inevitable part in todays business where the idea of business owners have changed and does not limits to provide with product or service only but to gain sustainability with brand recognition. The advantage of sharing knowledge and information among group of people can be spontaneous as SNS enables quick questioning and feedbacks. While discussing, time and energy of travelling is saved while the quality of meetings is not reduced and allows visualizing things in broader ways. SNS is one of the cheapest modes of interaction within the organisation which requires only a digital device and internet connections and thus has gained much prominence in growing nature of organisations. The ability of reaching targeted customers and suppliers without wasting much time and energy is another important role of SNS in business. According to a recent survey made by Forbes, 94% of corporate industries use Social Networking Medias in their busine ss to give exposure to their effort(DeMers, 2014). Brand recognition is another factor which attracts firms to get involved in SNS as it provides one of the finest tools for branding of products and services. More people are getting attached to SNS and prefer them to identify different brands with comparison while making purchases. Social Medias presents comments and discussions about the product or service which helps customers to make decisions for buying them. On the basis of their selection they make further recommendations on social website and the circle goes on. This in return also provides information to the firms relating customer demands and drawbacks of their products along with knowledge about areas that require to be considered (DeMers, 2014). In business there are times when information sharing becomes important especially in partnership firms, joint ventures, subsidiaries, and others who are associated and require sharing day to day information and services. Getting connected is another problem faced by large organisations whose divisions are spread or whose work is related to outside connections. Having a broad network of people to make contacts at the time of urgent and quick decisions, SNS plays fair and helps in reducing risks which could otherwise happened in absence of on the time connectivity(Lianxi Zhou, 2007). Promoting product or service in social media is another advantage that helps in getting poignant carrier, prolific initialisation of new product and introducing new associate to the firm(Copp, 2016). It assists in dispersing good information about products of organisation or associated people which in return leads to develop career opportunities and advancement of the firm. Thus not only material growth is established but people related opportunities are also enhanced. There are many online discussion groups and websites to which organisations are attached which helps them to select people. They can make contacts with them later and can introduce them to their firms with the help of SNS and thus reduces the initial process of human resource management(RANJAY GULATI, 2000). Thus after analysing positive facts of social networking, it can be measured as an important tool for increasing exposure and interconnectivity in any business. While reviewing social networking impacts on business, many disadvantages had also been identified that are associated with it and can devastate the target behind social networking. There are several online websites and individual who specialises in committing theft and fraud. While uploading data online, exchange of it requires cyber permissions and links which are copied and formatted by scammers and can lead the company towards wrong direction or even loss of significant details. Many companies have faced such problems which had also led to their bankruptcy for example in case of Sony Cyber Failure where the company had to bear a large amount of data breach(The Sileo Group, 2017). There are many banks like Lloyds bank and Oschad Bank in Ukraine which have experienced cyber attacks recently(SecureUrLife, 2017). The social networking can occasionally become time consuming method as the two way interaction, which is its prime target, can sometimes take lots of time. The changes in market and business environment are focussed in building long term relations with customers who can bring in more sales to the company. As it is a long process and does not develop in few days, time investment is required by the company so as to procure more data in longer period for healthier change(Kumar, 2017). Other disadvantage noticed in literature is SNS invites outsiders to get hold of internal management data under the name of account maintenance, data analysis, planning and other important discussions. In daily routine these are few important works which are sometimes outsourced to different agencies via social networking sites. Although there are many trusted websites who performs the work genuinely, but few of them takes advantage of the situation and makes improper use of data and also sells them to their business competitors. Thus it becomes very important on the management part to ensure privacy and data security (Takahashi, 2011). Since online promotion of products does not enables customers to touch or feel the product, it becomes difficult for the customers part to make decisions regarding any new product which in turn has a negative impact on the business. Also the threat among customers regarding false products listed online can become an issue as internet marketing is considered unreliable and unsafe to some extent. Company trademark and copyrights are also at a risk while promoting brands on social media. Many false companies exploit the intellectual properties of famous brands and can facilitate information regarding trademarks and copyright. They misuse the data and sell their products under namesake of other brands and while customers get cheated, it results in losing brand image(Yazdanifard, n.d.). It is very necessary on the companys part to make proper look out of their trademark and copyright and monitor the same on regular basis. Organisations must make their agreement with social sites that can help in safeguarding companys data by making certain rules and regulations to specify the proper use of intellectual properties so as third parties are unable to misuse them. Other issues of SNS are loss of customers due to negative feedback of product or services. While launching any product, not every customer is satisfied or happy and can give negative feedback on social sites. This in return leaves bad impression on other customers and makes them rethink to buy that product and hence the ultimate goal of business is hampered. Thus after analysing it can be said that social networking if not utilised with proper care and caution, can result in adverse affect in business. Conclusion With fast and increasing accessibility over technology and internet, social networking has become topic of consideration by business owners, marketers, advertisers, and online data creators. Today not only customers get benefitted with social marketing but also the business employees gains over it by promoting themselves for job application or promotion. The effects of social networking although is risk oriented but at the same time has become an inevitable part in business. The above literature review about advantages and disadvantages concludes in the advancement of online technology in business units in which the firms shares information within and outside its unit. On an average not every organisation understands the pitfalls of SNS and requires of understand the pros and cons about it. A successful organisation is the one which comprehend the basic ideology and strategy of utilising social media and uses the same in an effective and improved way. If recognised properly it might be fruitful in achieving customer engagement, brand promotion, interconnection within the organisation etc(RANJAY GULATI, 2000). Thus the key result of social networking in business can be said as an element to provide boost up to the business along with making relationship within and outside business environment. References ATT Intellectual Property, 2008. The Business Impacts of Social Networking. [Online] Available at: https://www.business.att.com/content/whitepaper/WP-soc_17172_v3_11-10-08.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Bank, C.M.v.d., 2014. The impact of social media: advantages or disadvantages. [Online] Available at: https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_17_vol4(2)july-nov_2015.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Claywell, C.R., n.d. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking. [Online] Available at: https://socialnetworking.lovetoknow.com/Advantages_and_Disadvantages_of_Social_Networking [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Copp, E., 2016. 10 Benefits of Social Media for Business. [Online] Available at: https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-for-business/ [Accessed 25 August 2017]. DeMers, J., 2014. The Top 10 Benefits Of Social Media Marketing. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2014/08/11/the-top-10-benefits-of-social-media-marketing/#5fd949de1f80 [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Elison, D.M.B.a.N.B., 2007. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. [Online] Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x/full [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Fernando, P., 2012. SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS USES. [Online] Available at: https://www.liquidlight.co.uk/blog/article/social-media-and-its-uses/ [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Kumar, K., 2017. Top 10 Disadvantages of Social Media. [Online] Available at: https://www.thelucidblogs.com/top-ten-disadvantages-social-media/ [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Lianxi Zhou, W.-p.W.a.X.L., 2007. Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: the mediating role of social networks. [Online] Available at: https://www.rcmewhu.com/upload/file/20150528/20150528161827_0979.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Philippa Collin, K.R.I.R.a.A.T., 2011. The Benefits of Social Networking Services. [Online] Available at: https://www.uws.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/476337/The-Benefits-of-Social-Networking-Services.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Popova, D., n.d. The Good And Bad Of Social Networks. [Online] Available at: https://research.bfu.bg:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/86/1/BFU_2011_T_XXV_Popova.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017]. RANJAY GULATI, N.N.a.A.Z., 2000. STRATEGIC NETWORKS. [Online] Available at: https://scholar.csom.umn.edu/azaheer/publications/GulatiNohriaZaheer.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017]. SecureUrLife, 2017. One in three cyber attacks in banks are successful. [Online] Available at: https://secureurlife.wordpress.com/2017/05/01/one-in-three-cyber-attacks-in-banks-are-successful/ [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Takahashi, D., 2011. Huge Malware attack compromises more than 1.5 million Web Pages. [Online] Available at: https://venturebeat.com/2011/04/01/huge-malware-attack-compromises-more-than-1-5-million-web-pages/ [Accessed 25 August 2017]. The Sileo Group, 2017. Sony Cyber Attack: A Case Study in Cyber Leadership Failure. [Online] Available at: https://sileo.com/sony-cyber-leadership-failure [Accessed 25 August 2017]. Yazdanifard, R.N.a.R., n.d. Social media marketing: advantages and disadvantages. [Online] Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c070/c908671a70dfb44a245be96ec4f54a47e98f.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2017].

Death Penalty And The Eighth Amendment Essay Example For Students

Death Penalty And The Eighth Amendment Essay Death Penalty and The Eighth AmendmentThe expression an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth has taken on a whole newmeaning. Lately, murderers have been getting a punishment equal to their crime,death. In 1967, executions in the United States were temporarily suspended togive the federal appellate courts time to decide whether or not the deathpenalty was unconstitutional. Then, in 1972, the United States Supreme Courtruled in the case of Furman versus Georgia that the death penalty violatedthe Eight Amendments. According to the Eighth Amendment, Excessive bail shallnot be required, no excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishmentsinflicted. After the Supreme Court made this ruling, states reviewed theirdeath penalty laws. In 1976, in the case of Gregg versus Georgia the SupremeCourt ruled state death penalty laws were not unconstitutional. Presently inthe United States the death penalty can only be used as punishment forintentional killing. Still, the death penalty violate s the Eighth Amendment andshould be outlawed in the United States. Currently in the United States there are five methods used for executingcriminals: the electric chair, gas chamber, lethal injection, hanging, andfiring squad, each of them equally cruel and unusual in there own ways. When a person is sentenced to death by electrocution he strapped to achair and electrodes are attached to his head and leg. The amount of voltage israised and lowered a few times and death is supposed to occur within threeminutes. Three whole minutes with electricity flowing through someones body,while his flesh burns. Three minutes may not seem like a very long time, but tosomeone who is waiting for his body to die, three minutes can feel like aneternity. Three minutes is the approximate time it takes for a person to die ifeverything goes right, but in some cases it takes longer for people to die. In1990, Jesse Tafero, a prisoner in Florida, remained conscious for four minuteswhile witnesses watched ashes fall from his head. In Georgia in 1984, it tooknearly twenty minutes for Alpha Otis Stephens to die. At 12:18 am on December12, he was shocked with electricity for two minutes, and his body still showedsigns of life. The doctors had to wait six minutes to examine his body becauseit was too hot to touch. Stephens was still alive, so he was electrocuted foranother two minutes. Finally at 12:37 am doctors pronounced him dead. When a person is executed in the gas chamber he is strapped to a chairin an airtight room. A cyanide pellet is dropped in sulfuric acid, which formsa lethal gas. The prisoner remains conscious for a few minutes while strugglingto breath. These gas chambers are similar to the ones used by the Nazis inWorld War II concentration camps. Fifty years ago, America was quick to condemnthe Germans for persecuting Jews, but, today, in 1996 Americans execute theirown people the exact same way. Lethal injection is the newest form of execution in the United States. The person being executed is injected with a deadly dose of barbiturates throughan intravenous tube in his arm. This method is considered the most humane andefficient way of execution, but a federal judge noted that a slight error indosage or administration can leave a prisoner conscious but paralyzed whiledying, a sentient witness of his or her own asphyxiation. Since 1985 therehave been three botched injections in Texas alone. In one case it took 24minutes to kill a criminal because the tube leaked and sprayed the chemicalstowards the witnesses. In 1989, too weak a dosage of drugs caused Stephen McCoyto choke and heave for several minutes before he died. .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 , .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .postImageUrl , .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 , .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:hover , .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:visited , .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:active { border:0!important; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:active , .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2 .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c0311c7a4a579650526c17a5861c0c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ben Franklin Essay On WhiteHanging used to be the most common way to execute a person, but now itis only used in Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, and Washington. Hanging isnot a very useful way of execution, because if the drop is too short the personbeing executed dies through gradual strangulation and if the rope is too longthe persons head is ripped off. There is no punishment more unusual thenhaving your head ripped off, so the death penalty is in direct violation withthe Constitution. When someone is executed by a firing squad he is strapped to a chair andhas a target attached to his chest. Then five marksmen aim for the target andfire. Having people being paid to shot

An investigation of the factors affecting the output of a transformer Essay Example

An investigation of the factors affecting the output of a transformer Essay Transformers are used in everyday life. They work on the principle of Electromagnetic field induction. Current (electrons) has an electromagnetic field. This field can manipulate the field of magnets. Also the field of magnets can manipulate the field of electrons in a similar way to how magnets interact. Transformers work by using the fields to transfer energy through the field lines: Wire induces a magnetic field in the iron core. Iron core. The field lines Are cut causing We will write a custom essay sample on An investigation of the factors affecting the output of a transformer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An investigation of the factors affecting the output of a transformer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An investigation of the factors affecting the output of a transformer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wire an induced current. Causing a voltage in the first wire, causes a current. Around the current is a magnetic field, this induced a field in the iron core, the field lines of the core are then cut by a conductor (the second wire) and so a voltage is induced, in the reverse of how a voltage was induced in the transformer. In this way energy is transferred from electrical energy, to magnetic energy, back to electrical energy. The field lines must be continually moving in order to induce a current in the second coil (because a voltage is only induced when the field lines are being cut). The only way to do this is make the field lines change directions continually, in order to do that the electrons in the primary coil must be changing direction continually, and so we have to use alternating current. In order to make this more efficient the wires are coiled around the core. The point being that the more contact the wire is the more energy is put into the core and the more comes out, making the process more efficient. In theory the amount of energy going into the transformer should equal the amount of energy going out, no matter what the coil numbers but because of the nature of the coils and magnetic field lines, 100% efficiency is near impossible. Variables affect the system in many ways: The number of coils- There three general scenarios: Both primary and secondary coils are the same in number. In this case the more coils the more efficient the experiment, the increased coils mean that there is a larger, stronger field induced. These stronger fields are then cut by the increased number of coils, inducing more current, therefore making the whole process more efficient. The number of coils in the primary coil is greater than the number in the secondary. In this case because the electrons in the secondary coil are in less contact with the field lines they therefore receive less energy. However because all the energy must go through to the second coil and so the number of electrons (the current) increases. ( Power = current x time) So the voltage and current are inversely proportional. (see graph below) This is called a step down transformer because the voltage decreases. The number of coils in the secondary is greater than the number of coils in the primary. In this because the electrons in the secondary coil are in more contact with the field lines they therefore receive more energy. However because energy is constant the number of electrons (the current) decreases. ( Power = current x time) So the voltage and current are inversely proportional. (see graph below) This is called a step up transformer because the voltage increases despite the fact that the current decreases. voltage (v) Current (a) A graph to show the relationship between voltage and current. The distance between the coils. The further magnetic fields are from their source the weaker they are. If the coils are close together and close to the core then the lines dont have to go as far, therefore they are stronger. Therefore if the coils are closer together then they effect the core better and the core effects them better, resulting in a more efficient transformer. If they are further apart then energy is lost resulting in a less efficient transformer. Voltage in primary coil The higher the voltage the more energy an electron has, if the electrons have a higher energy then they have stronger fields, so they then cause stronger fields in the core, which causes a higher voltage in the secondary coil. The graph should look like this: Voltage in Primary coil Voltage in secondary coil. A graph to show the theoretical relationship between voltage in the primary and secondary coils. Method Apparatus 1. A power supply that allows the output voltage to be varied. 2. An iron core 3. Wires. 4. A ruler 5. Voltmeters 6. Crocodile clips 7. Insulation tape. 8. Wires for the coils 9. Wire strippers and clippers. Diagram: Primary coil Secondary coil Iron core I will set up the circuit as shown. I will use a power supply and connect it to the coil around the core, using crocodile clips and stripping the insulation from the ends of the core. I will have a voltmeter in parallel to the coil. The coil will be around an iron core. The core is basically an iron rod. There will be the secondary core further up along the rod, which will be attached using crocodile clips to a voltmeter. Using this set-up I can then vary the distance between the coils by using the ruler. The power supply will draw power form the mains. It will be set to AC for the reasons explained beforehand. I will vary the voltage by turning off the power supply and changing it, then turning it back on. I will vary the number of coils by turning the whole thing off and then removing or adding coils to either coil. For voltage I will use a voltage between 0 and 8 volts so as not to have any problems with heat. I will use nominal voltage jumps of 1V but because of the inefficiency of the power box they most probably wont be 1V. I will have 45 coils in the primary coil and keep that number fixed. But I will change the number of coils in the secondary coil in fixed jumps from 15 to 75. To keep the test fair I will: 1. Keep all variables constant except the one that I am changing. 2. Make sure the distance between the coils is 1CM at all times, if it is not being changed. 3. Keep the number of turns on the primary core the same. 4. I will use the same core throughout the whole experiment. 5. Allow the rod to cool if hot. 6. I will do repetitions to make sure that the result I have gotten is not a freak result. I think that this is a good way of doing the experiment because it is fair, and versatile. It is simple so there is less chance of something going wrong, More than one variable is being changed so there is more chance of a pattern emerging. The variables are easy to change. Safety 1. I will make sure the experiment is properly wired and that the wires are not touching, so as not to cause the power box to fuse. 2. I will determine a safe level of voltage in the preliminary and not go higher than it. 3. I will allow the experiment to cool if it is hot, so nothing has a chance of catching fire. 4. I will make sure there is no current going into the core by checking that no connectors are touching the core. 5. I will make sure there is no water present near the experiment to prevent an electric shock. 6. I will not touch the rod if it is hot (I will use the wire coating condition to see if it is hot) 7. I will keep the experiment away from anything flammable so as not to start a fire. 8. I will turn off the experiment if the wire coating melts or sparks appear. 9. I will make sure to turn off the power supply before changing the voltage so the power supply does not fuse. 10. I will turn the experiment off before changing the no of coils or the wire configuration, to prevent electric shock. I have chosen to vary the no of coils and the voltage in the primary coil. I plan to use a voltage range between 1 and 8 volts, which should give eight results, this ought to be enough to draw a conclusion. Also I want to vary the coil by having 45 turns in the first coil, but use varying turns in the secondary, starting at 15 turns and going up in jumps of 15 turns, to 75. This should give six results, which ought to be enough to determine a pattern. Based on the results of the preliminary, I think that the experiment will be very inefficient, but trends should show up in the results. Prediction I think that as voltage in the primary coil increases then the voltage in the secondary coil will increase and the increase will be directly proportionate: Voltage in Primary coil Voltage in secondary coil. A graph to show the theoretical relationship between voltage in the primary and secondary coils. This is because the higher the voltage the more energy an electron has, if the electrons have a higher energy then they have stronger fields. A higher voltage in the primary will cause stronger fields in the core, which causes a higher voltage in the secondary coil. And doubling the primary voltage should double the effect, therefore doubling the secondary voltage. I also think that there will be some loss in efficiency meaning that the transformer is about 80% efficient. 100% efficient results should look like this: Primary voltage (v) Secondary Voltage (v) No. of primary turns No. of secondary turns 1.00 1.00 30 30 2.00 2.00 30 30 3.00 3.00 30 30 4.00 4.00 30 30 5.00 5.00 30 30 6.00 6.00 30 30 7.00 7.00 30 30 A table showing the predicted relationship between voltage in the primary and secondary coils. Using this we can see that: So higher voltage input causes higher voltage output. Also I think that the ratio will have an effect on the secondary voltage: If both primary and secondary coils are the same in number: In this case the more coils the more efficient the experiment, the increased coils mean that there is a larger, stronger field induced. These stronger fields are then cut by the increased number of coils, inducing more current, therefore making the whole process more efficient. If the number of coils in the primary coil is greater than the number in the secondary: In this case because the electrons in the secondary coil are in less contact with the field lines they therefore receive less energy. However because all the energy must go through to the second coil and so the number of electrons (the current) increases. ( Power = current x time) So the voltage and current are inversely proportional. (see graph below) This is called a step down transformer because the voltage decreases. If the number of coils in the secondary is greater than the number of coils in the primary: In this because the electrons in the secondary coil are in more contact with the field lines they therefore receive more energy. However because energy is constant the number of electrons (the current) decreases. ( Power = current x time) So the voltage and current are inversely proportional. (see graph below) This is called a step up transformer because the voltage increases despite the fact that the current decreases. voltage (v) Current (a) A graph to show the relationship between voltage and current. A table to show the predicted relationship seen when the number of coils on the secondary changes. Primary voltage (v) No of turns in primary coil No. of turns in secondary coil Secondary voltage (v) 10.00 45 15 3.33 10.00 45 30 6.67 10.00 45 45 10.00 10.00 45 60 13.32 10.00 45 75 16.65 10.00 45 90 20.00 This works in that if you double the amount of time an electron influences the magnetic field or the field influences the electron you double the energy resulting in directly proportionate relationship between the number of turns in the secondary coil and the secondary voltage: No of coils in secondary Secondary voltage (v) Based on this I predict that : and that: secondary voltage x no of primary turns = primary voltage x no of secondary turns Preliminary I decided to do the preliminary experiment and investigate the variables before I decided what to investigate, as some variables may not have been worth investigating in depth. I used the method and set up described above except there were thirty turns in both coils. Distance between the coils (cm) Voltage in primary coil (v) Voltage in secondary coil (v) 0 (the coils were intertwined) 3 0.286 1 3 0.248 2 3 0.192 3 3 0.087 As you can see the voltage is highest when the coils are intertwined together, so the transformer is most efficient then. Based on this I decided to intertwine the coils in order to get the best voltage possible, however, because of time restraints I was easiest to keep the coils 1 cm apart. Primary voltage (nominally) Secondary voltage (v) 1 0.042 2 0.091 3 0.149 4 0.209 5 0.251 6 0.315 7 0.354 8 0.371 9 0.392 10 Reset switch popped 11 Reset switch popped 12 Reset switch popped 13 Reset switch popped 14 Reset switch popped 15 Reset switch popped 16 Reset switch popped 17 Did not attempt 18 Did not attempt 19 Did not attempt 20 Did not attempt The fuse tripped because too much current was drawn. So I decided to use current between 0 and 8. Obtaining evidence I had planned to do three repetitions of each experiment but I ended up with the same result anyway, so I decided not to waste time on it. Instead I decided to find the average of the different voltages, and use the averages to see how the ratio of turns affects the secondary voltage. Experiment No.of Primary coils No. of Secondary coils Ratio of coils Primary voltage (v) Secondary voltage (v) Secondary perfect voltage (v) Efficiency 1 45 15 3 to 1 0.67 0.048 0.223 21.568 1 45 15 3 to 1 0.67 0.048 0.223 21.568 1 45 15 3 to 1 0.67 0.048 0.223 21.568 2 45 15 3 to 1 1.17 0.083 0.391 21.137 2 45 15 3 to 1 1.17 0.083 0.391 21.137 2 45 15 3 to 1 1.17 0.083 0.391 21.137 3 45 15 3 to 1 1.96 0.149 0.653 22.828 3 45 15 3 to 1 1.96 0.149 0.653 22.828 3 45 15 3 to 1 1.96 0.149 0.653 22.828 4 45 15 3 to 1 2.98 0.214 0.992 21.572 4 45 15 3 to 1 2.98 0.214 0.992 21.572 4 45 15 3 to 1 2.98 0.214 0.992 21.572 5 45 15 3 to 1 3.69 0.345 1.230 28.044 5 45 15 3 to 1 3.69 0.345 1.230 28.044 5 45 15 3 to 1 3.69 0.345 1.230 28.044 6 45 15 3 to 1 4.43 0.472 1.476 31.970 6 45 15 3 to 1 4.43 0.472 1.476 31.970 6 45 15 3 to 1 4.43 0.472 1.476 31.970 7 45 15 3 to 1 5.05 0.496 1.683 29.444 7 45 15 3 to 1 5.05 0.496 1.683 29.444 7 45 15 3 to 1 5.05 0.496 1.683 29.444 8 45 15 3 to 1 5.65 0.509 1.885 27.030 8 45 15 3 to 1 5.65 0.509 1.885 27.030 8 45 15 3 to 1 5.65 0.509 1.885 27.030 Average 45 15 3 to 1 3.20 0.289 1.067 25.449 1 45 30 3 to 2 0.67 0.066 0.447 14.857 1 45 30 3 to 2 0.67 0.066 0.447 14.857 1 45 30 3 to 2 0.67 0.066 0.447 14.587 2 45 30 3 to 2 1.17 0.125 0.782 16.046 2 45 30 3 to 2 1.17 0.125 0.782 16.046 2 45 30 3 to 2 1.17 0.125 0.078 16.046 3 45 30 3 to 2 1.96 0.241 1.305 18.452 3 45 30 3 to 2 1.96 0.241 1.305 18.452 3 45 30 3 to 2 1.96 0.241 1.305 18.452 4 45 30 3 to 2 2.98 0.346 1.984 17.438 4 45 30 3 to 2 2.98 0.346 1.984 17.438 4 45 30 3 to 2 2.98 0.346 1.984 17.438 5 45 30 3 to 2 3.69 0.411 2.460 16.705 5 45 30 3 to 2 3.69 0.411 2.460 16.705 5 45 30 3 to 2 3.69 0.411 2.460 16.705 6 45 30 3 to 2 4.43 0.463 2.952 15.669 6 45 30 3 to 2 4.43 0.463 2.952 15.699 6 45 30 3 to 2 4.43 0.463 2.952 15.699 7 45 30 3 to 2 5.05 0.486 3.366 14.432 7 45 30 3 to 2 5.05 0.468 3.366 14.432 7 45 30 3 to 2 5.05 0.468 3.366 14.432 8 45 30 3 to 2 5.65 0.499 3.770 13.248 8 45 30 3 to 2 5.65 0.499 3.770 13.248 8 45 30 3 to 2 5.65 0.499 3.770 13.248 Average 45 30 3 to 2 3.20 0.330 2.133 15.856 1 45 45 1 to 1 0.61 0.079 0.610 12.959 1 45 45 1 to 1 1 45 45 1 to 1 2 45 45 1 to 1 1.07 0.126 1.068 11.793 2 45 45 1 to 1 2 45 45 1 to 1 3 45 45 1 to 1 1.78 0.238 1.783 13.326 3 45 45 1 to 1 3 45 45 1 to 1 4 45 45 1 to 1 2.71 0.352 2.710 12.993 4 45 45 1 to 1 4 45 45 1 to 1 5 45 45 1 to 1 3.36 0.418 3.360 12.447 5 45 45 1 to 1 5 45 45 1 to 1 6 45 45 1 to 1 4.03 0.497 4.032 12.322 6 45 45 1 to 1 6 45 45 1 to 1 7 45 45 1 to 1 4.60 0.522 4.597 11.349 7 45 45 1 to 1 7 45 45 1 to 1 8 45 45 1 to 1 5.15 0.536 5.148 10.418 8 45 45 1 to 1 8 45 45 1 to 1 Average 45 45 1 to 1 2.91 0.346 2.913 12.201 1 45 60 3 to 4 0.75 0.096 1.000 9.565 1 45 60 3 to 4 1 45 60 3 to 4 2 45 60 3 to 4 1.31 0.174 1.750 9.948 2 45 60 3 to 4 2 45 60 3 to 4 3 45 60 3 to 4 2.19 0.343 2.923 11.738 3 45 60 3 to 4 3 45 60 3 to 4 4 45 60 3 to 4 3.33 0.428 4.442 9.625 4 45 60 3 to 4 4 45 60 3 to 4 5 45 60 3 to 4 4.13 0.508 5.508 9.221 5 45 60 3 to 4 5 45 60 3 to 4 6 45 60 3 to 4 4.96 0.572 6.610 8.649 6 45 60 3 to 4 6 45 60 3 to 4 7 45 60 3 to 4 5.65 0.730 7.535 9.687 7 45 60 3 to 4 7 45 60 3 to 4 8 45 60 3 to 4 6.33 0.751 8.440 8.893 8 45 60 3 to 4 8 45 60 3 to 4 Average 45 60 3 to 4 3.58 0.450 4.776 9.666 1 45 75 3 to 5 0.58 0.099 0.967 10.204 1 45 75 3 to 5 1 45 75 3 to 5 2 45 75 3 to 5 1.02 0.154 1.692 9.082 2 45 75 3 to 5 2 45 75 3 to 5 3 45 75 3 to 5 1.70 0.262 2.825 9.263 3 45 75 3 to 5 3 45 75 3 to 5 4 45 75 3 to 5 2.58 0.388 4.294 9.032 4 45 75 3 to 5 4 45 75 3 to 5 5 45 75 3 to 5 3.19 0.457 5.325 8.580 5 45 75 3 to 5 5 45 75 3 to 5 6 45 75 3 to 5 3.83 0.514 6.390 8.048 6 45 75 3 to 5 6 45 75 3 to 5 7 45 75 3 to 5 4.37 0.579 7.284 7.943 7 45 75 3 to 5 7 45 75 3 to 5 8 45 75 3 to 5 4.89 0.611 8.158 7.491 8 45 75 3 to 5 8 45 75 3 to 5 Average 45 75 3 to 5 2.77 0.383 4.617 8.705 Analysis All anomalous results were circled on the graphs. All graphs were checked for direct proportion and if they were it was written in the bottom right corner, and the point, which it became untrue, was also written down. For example in the experiment of 45 coils to 45 coils, this was untrue at 3.4 V. Also if a string of results in a pattern was seen then a curve or line of best fit was drawn for them. As the results show that primary voltage and secondary voltage are directly, positively proportionate. As one doubles so does the other. E.G in the graph of 45 coils to 45 coils at 1 primary volt the secondary voltage was 0.13V and at 2 primary volts the secondary voltage was 2.6V, showing that if you double the primary voltage you double the secondary voltage. This is because the higher the voltage the more current, more current causes a stronger field in the core, these then get cut by the secondary coil more, resulting in the electrons induced having more energy (voltage). So higher voltage input causes higher voltage output. This is what I predicted. However the secondary voltage would be about 80% efficient, however it was much lower than this. The average efficiency overall was about 15%, a fraction to what I predicted. This is because much more energy was lost than I expected. The experiment works well up to a point but then the efficiency decreases and this is because the current limiting switch popped before the full current, and thus full voltage could be achieved. This caused the graph to slope off. Also the coil ratio and efficiency are inversely proportionate. This is because the higher the ratio the more inefficient the result. This is the opposite to what to I predicted. I think this is caused by the inefficiency of the experiment as a whole. I think that at higher coil ratios the factors that caused a loss of energy were amplified. Meaning that there was more energy lost due to the number of turns etc. No. of Primary coils No. of Secondary coils Primary voltage (v) Secondary voltage (v) Secondary perfect voltage (v) Vs = Vp x (Ns/Np) Efficiency 45 15 3.199 0.289 1.066 25.448 45 30 3.199 0.329 2.133 15.855 45 45 2.913 0.345 2.913 12.200 45 60 3.582 0.450 4.776 9.665 45 75 2.770 0.382 4.616 8.705 As you can see the efficiency was tiny and the secondary voltage never even came close to the perfect voltage. The reasons energy was lost were: 1. Resistance in the wire and increasing current. As the voltage increased so did the current to correspond with it. An increased current has more resistance (V/I = R) and coupled with the thin wire, lots of energy was lost to resistance. Most of this energy became heat and the heat was lost to the air and the coil. 2. Eddy currents occurred in the core. A current was induced in the core (because it is made of a conductor) the current had nowhere to go so it swirled in the core, in an eddie. 3. Flux leakages occurred. This basically means that not all the field lines were cut. This is because the coils didnt completely cover the core, so field lines were wasted. Also the ends of the core lost a lot of lines. So the energy was lost. A circular or doughnut shaped core would remedy this. 4. Also a humming sound was heard this was because of the iron core. In a magnet all the magnetic domains are in one direction, so the particle field lines are all in the same direction, causing one big field line set. Because an alternating current was used, the magnetic domains had to realign every 50th of a second; this caused them to scrape against each other. The friction caused by this caused heat to build up and caused the core to hum at a frequency of 50Hz (the same frequency of the mains) 5. The coil ratio was not a big a factor as predicted. This was because the coils did not cover the entire magnet so the field lines lost a lot of energy anyway. Also the more the coils the further the current has to move, causing more resistance. So the longer the coil the more energy was lost. This is why the coil ratio and the efficiency were inversely proportional. Evaluation The experiment worked quite well despite the low efficiency. It showed the trend and gave sufficient evidence for conclusions. The results were much more accurate than I expected and (excluding the anomalous results at the end) they rarely came off the line of best fit. All the results that did were circled. The method was quite good in theory but in practice fell somewhat, because the efficiency was tiny. The basic method of varying input and checking output is the only way of doing the experiment so it is by default the best. It was fairly good, but with adjustment could be much better. If I were to do the experiment again, I would: 1. Use a laminated core to keep the heat from leaking into the core. 2. Use a core that is circular, so no energy is lost in the ends of the core by uncut field lines. 3. Use thicker wire, so there is less resistance giving more efficiency. 4. Use more voltages to get more accurate results. 5. Use the coils intertwined instead of 1 cm apart, so as not to have any exposed core. 6. Use a pure core, or an alloy of magnetic metals. 7. Use more wires 8. Use more voltages, in order to get a more accurate mapping of the curve. 9. Use a fixed amount of current to get more accurate results 10. Check the amount of energy in joules going in and the amount coming out, in order to get a better idea of efficiency. 11. Use more numbers of coils 12. Use a power box with a dial so exact inputs can be checked 13. Have better heat insulation on the wires so energy is not lost 14. Have better connections that dont give as much resistance. The results were reliable enough for conclusions to be drawn but are not very reliable, even though they correlated well and the trend they show is solid. Because the trend is only visible up to about 3.5V (input) before it starts to fall in efficiency very dramatically. This was because the secondary current never reached its full potential, the current limiter always popped because too much current was being drawn. This was because each voltage corresponds to current and if there is resistance then more current is drawn. Other experiments I would like to do are: 1. A repeat of this experiment changing the coil ratios and the input voltages, keeping the number of turns on the primary coil constant. I predict the same result. But I would like to use more voltages, from 0V to 10V. 2. Investigating other metals like nickel, steel and copper as cores to see how they affect the experiment, I predict that the larger the atom the stronger the fields. 3. The separation of the coils, I predict that the larger the separation the more energy is lost. I want to see how these effect the experiment varying the distance from intertwined, to 10 cm. 4. Larger of smaller core. I predict that the larger the core the more efficient the output because of a larger amount of iron atoms, therefore more magnetic fields therefore more field lines, therefore more field lines cut.

The essay of life Essay Example

The essay of life Essay Example The essay of life Essay The essay of life Essay I make sure that I always use a dictionary as a reference and that makes It easier to proceed to the next sentence. In addition to that, I write down the Important events and highlight the words and characters. I also proofread my paper to ensure it is error free. In order to write a good essay or paper, it is necessary to be in a peaceful environment to avoid distractions. Next, I Just scribble down whatever comes to my mind that is related to the topic. After a while, I would read what Eve written and hose the Ideas that would have good points and would be Interesting to write about. Then, I would make my first draft and after finishing It, Id read It all over again and do the editing until Im satisfied with what Eve written. One of my greatest strengths as a writer is that I am extremely careful concerning details and I always show great attention them. However, being carried away by my emotions is one of my weaknesses. In order to help me understand and remember what I read, I make sure that I always use a dictionary as a reference and that makes it easier to proceed to he next sentence. In addition to that, I write down the important events and highlight the words and characters. I also proofread my paper to ensure It Is error free. Choose the Ideas that would have good points and would be interesting to write choose the ideas that would have good points and would be interesting to write and do the tattled until Im satisfied with what Eve written. One of my greatest about. Then, I would make my first draft and after finishing it, Id read it all over again highlight the words and characters. I also proofread my paper to ensure it is error weaknesses.

Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Energy - Essay Example This should start with the governments, the institutions then the people themselves. The central role of the government should be to determine the energy consumption picture of their cities. They also have easy reach to their citizens and are better placed to know their needs and influence their behaviors. This is done dependent on the resources, different needs, development paths, mandates and power. An energy plan of a city should take into consideration of the resources it has and the particular need of its dwellers. For instance, in New York, the dwellers are reliant on the power grid and vehicles that are fueled by hydrocarbon and they are hesitant to adopt the small-scale distributed approach that entails a little more costs. Thus, the government can come up with policies that would make the citizens adopt to the sustainable energy options or it can subsidize the prices of the small-scale energy distribution approaches that they can afford. The institutions should also invest in technologies that reduce reliance on the fossil fuels or even the dirty coal. Institutions can do this y retrofitting building to make them sustainable in a way that it reduces its demand for energy. They should invest in renewable energy as it is becoming economically viable since it offers increase employment opportunities and it is cost effective. In addition, investments in renewable energy by institutions are vital since inaction will be high as compared to when action is taken. The energy sector is directly responsible for the climate change whose costs of adaptation are very high. For instance, the Sandy caused losses that were attributed to climate change and in action by the government unwillingness to act against climate change. This is why the Sandy has been highlighted as deeply seated fear due to the physical damage it wrought upon New York and New Jersey. The

Management Problem Solving - Facquier Gas Company Case Study

Management Problem Solving - Facquier Gas Company - Case Study Example After making inquiries from the design engineer, Pat Wilson, it became evident to Murphy that the new project would require pipes of different specifications from those used in previous projects. In his opinion, Murphy considered the time span from January to June sufficient in conformity to the mill’s lead-time. However, Murphy had not received such details in April, although the project was scheduled to commence in June, and due for the conclusion in September. The supply management, construction and design organizations were under the headship of the vice-president of operations. The design engineer, Pat Wilson and construction engineer Sam Law fail to approve the pipe specifications in good time, compelling Murphy to inquire from Wilson, only to realize that the pipes required were of different specifications. Time had lapsed until April 14, leaving Murphy worried about the limited time for the procurement process of the materials required in a bid to meet the June deadline, the scheduled time for the onset of the project. One of the possible solutions would involve Murphy consulting with Clive Byers, the project manager and highlighting that the specifications were yet to be communicated. This would compel Murphy to schedule a meeting with Byers as soon as possible. Byers would then inquire from Sam Law and Pat Wilson. After receiving information from them, he would strive to ensure that the specifications are communicated to Murphy. In this solution, Murphy would have acted wisely by not overreaching Byers, since he heard the initial information about the project from him. Byers has the capacity to inquire from the Wilson and Sam Law because he is the project manager, and has the mandate of ensuring that execution of projects occurs within the set timelines. Moreover, this would serve to solve the problem at the lower level without involving higher authority. Alternatively, Murphy would approach the Charlie Buck, the design superintend, and inquire from him.  

Illegal Immigration and US Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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